He mahi nui tā ngā tātari ngota, hei mea mimiti me hei mea whakakorikori tino whai hua, i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā matū hinu, te wehenga hau, me te whakaputa hāora hauora. He rerekē ngā momo tātari ngota, me ō rātou rahi pore me ngā āhuatanga matū ahurei, kua whakaritea mō ngā tono ahumahi rerekē. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga he whakataki taipitopito ki ngā tātari ngota 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (tae atu ki te 13X HP me te 13X APG), me te lithium, e kapi ana i ō rātou whakamāramatanga, ngā āhuatanga, ngā tono, me ngā tawhā matua hei āwhina i ngā kaipānui ki te mārama ki te mahi tino pai o ēnei "tātari ahumahi."
Ko ngā tātari ngota he aluminosilicates tioata me ngā hanganga moroiti ōrite e mimiti ana i ngā ngota i runga i te rahi me te polarity. Ko tā rātou tauira matū whānui ko:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
kei heaMe tohu ana i ngā kationa (hei tauira, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nko te cation valence, ā,x/yka whakatau i te rahi o te pore.
3A Tātari Irahiko
He tātari ngota momo A kua whakawhitia ki te ion pāhare pākawa (K⁺) me te rahi o te pūwero o ~3 Å (0.3 nm).
Ngā Āhuatanga:
Ka mimiti i ngā ngota wai anake (2.8 Å te whānui), engari kāore e uru ngā ngota nunui (hei tauira, te ethylene, te propane).
He kaha ā-mīhini teitei, he ātete kaha ki te poke.
Ngā tono:
- Te whakamaroke hōhonu o te etanoru me te hau hinu kua waimeha.
- Te maroke o ngā pouaka whakamātao.
- Te aukati i te makuku i roto i ngā kirihou.
4A Tātari Irahiko:
He tātari ngota momo A e ahu mai ana i te konutai ion (Na⁺) me te rahi o te pūwero o te 4 Å (0.4 nm).
Ngā Āhuatanga:
Ka mimiti i ngā ngota iti pēnei i te wai, te methanol, te etanoru, me te CO₂.E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi whakamaroke ahumahi me ngā mahi whakamaroke kaihoko.
Ngā tono:
- Te whakamaroke i te hau i roto i ngā pūnaha hau kōpeke.
- Te tiaki makuku mō ngā rongoā me ngā wāhanga hiko.
- Kaihanga hopi horoi (whakangawari wai).
5A Tātari Irahiko
He tātari ngota momo A kua whakawhitia ki te ion konupūmā (Ca²⁺) me te rahi o te pūwero he 5 Å (0.5 nm).
Ngā Āhuatanga:
- Ka mimiti i ngā ārani rārangi (hei tauira, C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) engari kāore e whakaurua ngā warowaihā peka.
- Whakamahia mō te wehenga isomer i roto i te whakamahine hinu.
Ngā tono: - Te tango i ngā matū mai i te hinu (te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga rere matao o te tīhiera).
- Te wehenga hāora-hauota (te whakaputa hāora PSA).
- Te tango i te H₂S me te CO₂ mai i te hau māori (te tango i te H₂S me te CO₂).
13X Tātari Irahiko
He tātari ngota ngota momo-X konutai me te rahi o te pūwero o te 10 Å (1.0 nm) me te horahanga mata teitei.
Ngā Āhuatanga:
He kaha tino pai ki te mimiti mō ngā ngota nui (hei tauira, ngā mea kakara, te hauwai whanariki).
E whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te purenga me te wehenga hau.
Ngā tono:
Te wehenga o te hau (te whakaputanga hāora/hauota).
Te whakamaroke me te tango waro i te hau māori (te tango CO₂).
Te tukatuka hau para ahumahi (te mimiti VOC).
13X HP (Mahinga Teitei)
WhakamāramatangaHe tātari ngota ngota 13X kua arotauhia, he kaha mimiti teitei ake, he kaha kuru hoki.
Ngā Āhuatanga:
- 15–20% teitei ake te kaha mimiti i te 13X paerewa.
- He pai mō ngā taiao pēhanga teitei me te makuku teitei.
Ngā tono: - Ngā waeine wehewehe hau cryogenic.
- Te whakaputa hau parakore teitei (hei tauira, te hauota hiko-paerewa).
13X APG (Pae Rererangi)
He tātari ngota ngota 13X kua arotauhia mō te rererangi, he iti te puehu, he tino pumau.
Ngā Āhuatanga:
E tutuki ana i ngā paerewa rererangi (hei tauira, MIL-D-3464E).
Ātete ki te horo o te rere o te hau, he roa te ora ratonga.
Ngā tono:
Ngā pūnaha tohanga hau o ngā waka rererangi (te whakaputa hāora i roto i ngā kāpene).
Te purenga hau o te waka mokowhiti.
Tātari Irahiko Rītiuma (Li-LSX)
He tātari ngota ngota momo-X kua whakawhitia ki te ion lithium (Li⁺) me te rahi o te pūwero o ~9 Å.
Ngā Āhuatanga:
- He kaha te whiriwhiri mō te mimiti hauota (N₂), e āhei ai te wehenga hāora-hauota whai hua.
- Whakamahia mō te whakaputa hāora tino whai hua.
- Ngā tono:
- Ngā pūwero hāora hauora (>90% te parakore o te O₂).
- Te tahunga kua whakanuia ki te hāora i roto i ngā oumu pupuhi.
- Ngā pūnaha tautoko ora i roto i ngā waka ruku me ngā waka mokowhiti.
| Momo | Rahi o ngā pūwero | Momo Kātiona | Ngā Ngota Matua i Whakatōkia | Tono |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Te maroke o te etanoru, te whakamaroke o te LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Nā⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Whakamaroke hau, hopi horoi |
| 5X | 5 | Ca²⁺ | ngā n-alkane, H₂S | Te tango i te hinu, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Nā⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, ngā mea kakara | Te purenga hau māori, te wehenga hau |
| 13X HP | 10 | Na⁺ (kua arotauhia) | Ngā ngota hau nui | Te whakaputa hau parakore teitei |
| 13X APG | 10 | Na⁺ (puehu iti) | Te purenga hau rererangi | Ngā pūnaha hāora rererangi |
| Li-LSX | 9 | Li⁺ | N₂ (manakohanga) | Ngā kaiwhakakotahi hāora hauora |
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-03-2025